Often, it becomes necessary to interface an existing or new 5V AVR / PIC / MCU project to new devices that use 3.3V logic, like memory cards, sim cards, etc. Described here is a circuit that converts ...

What do you do when you want to rock out on your keytar without the constraints of cables and wires? You make your own wireless keytar of course! In order to get the job done, [kr1st0f] built a logic ...

Since 1972, scientists have known there are four basic circuit components, but if you’ve spent any time in an electrical engineering classroom, you probably only have experience with three: capacitor, ...

In a proof-of-concept study, researchers have created self-assembled, protein-based circuits that can perform simple logic functions. The work demonstrates that it is possible to create stable digital ...

Fig 1. A typical CMOS input circuit comprises a “P” and “N” transistor. One is fully “on” for logic high, and the other is “on” for a logic low. Fig 2. When a CMOS input pin is at logic high or low ...

Matching a sensor interface with a programmable logic converter or controller hardware that can accept only one type of input—npn or pnp—can be difficult. The last-stage modification circuit described ...